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The Swiss‐Norwegian training model established in 2011 has been used across Europe to infer past mean July air temperatures using Chironomidae subfossils. It combines reference sites from Norway and the Swiss Alps but lacks representative localities from the central European plains belt. This gap complicates reconstructions from temperate European latitudes, and thus, a Polish training set (TS) was...
The annual and seasonal changes in the tropical Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated using all available numerical experiments from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phases 2 and 3. Compared to the preindustrial period, the annual mean of the PWC intensity weakened by an average of 0.96×1014 kg2 m−2 s−1 or 15%, and both the western...
Eskers are useful for reconstructing meltwater drainage systems of glaciers and ice sheets. However, our process understanding of eskers suffers from a disconnect between sporadic detailed morpho‐sedimentary investigations of abundant large‐scale ancient esker systems, and a small number of modern analogues where esker formation has been observed. This paper presents the results of detailed field...
Lake El'gygytgyn in far northeastern Russia provides one of the few records that can improve understanding of terrestrial responses to climatic changes during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition (EMPT; 1400–400 ka). Palynological data from MIS 38‐31 (~1260 to 1060 ka) help clarify the complex nature of that transition. In contrast to the evergreen conifer forest of the MIS 31 ‘super’ interglaciation,...
Three sediment cores recovered on the lower slope of the continental shelf in western Baffin Bay (Arctic Canada) as well as swath bathymetry and subbottom profiler data collected on the shelf and slope of the region were analysed to investigate whether the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) reached the shelf edge offshore Home Bay during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Physical, sedimentological and palaeomagnetic...
Holocene sedimentation patterns and environmental development in Aarhus Bay, Denmark, were reconstructed based on proxy analyses of two sediment cores (M1 and M5). Together, the two cores offer an opportunity to examine the history of the area during the past c. 10 000 years. The investigation consisted of acoustic mapping and multi‐proxy analyses of the sediment cores including macrofossils, sediment...
The large‐scale shifts in the salinity of the Baltic Sea over the Holocene are well understood and have been comprehensively documented using sedimentary proxy records. More recent work has focused on understanding how past salinity fluctuations have affected other ecological parameters (e.g. primary productivity, nutrient content) of the Baltic basin, and salinity changes over key events and over...
We describe a revised understanding of the extent and dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet on the continental shelf of northern British Columbia, Canada. During the Local Last Glacial Maximum ice streams occupied two of the three shelf‐crossing troughs in Queen Charlotte Sound (Goose Island Trough and Mitchell's Trough). A 25‐km‐wide outlet glacier – the Hecate Glacier – flowed south in Hecate Strait,...
Processes occurring at the grounding zone of marine terminating ice streams are crucial to marginal stability, influencing ice discharge over the grounding‐line, and thereby regulating ice‐sheet mass balance. We present new marine geophysical data sets over a ~30×40 km area from a former ice‐stream grounding zone in Storfjordrenna, a large cross‐shelf trough in the western Barents Sea, south of Svalbard...
High‐resolution shallow sub‐bottom seismic survey data obtained for the Dudgeon windfarm site located 50 km offshore of the north Norfolk coast in the southern North Sea have revealed that the chalk bedrock in this area is overlain by sediments deposited during the Elsterian and Weichselian glacial periods. A buried N–S‐trending subglacial drainage channel (tunnel valley) filled with Swarte Bank Formation...
Severe winter windstorms have become an increasingly common occurrence over recent decades in northwestern Europe. Although there exists considerable uncertainty, storminess is projected to increase in the future. On centennial to millennial time scales in particular, the mechanisms forcing storminess remain unsettled. We contribute to available palaeostorm records by reconstructing changes over the...
Quaternary fluvial succession of the Jászság Basin (Hungary) was investigated, challenging the stratigraphical potential of ‘early postglacial fluvial magnetic susceptibility episodes' recognized earlier in the Körös Basin. Low field magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured in four boreholes from the basin centre and margins, representing channel and flood‐plain environments. Statistical distributions...
The Middle Holocene period witnessed significant environmental and cultural transitions regarding the deceleration of sea‐level rise and the emergence of early agriculture, which profoundly moulded human–environment interactions in coastal regions. The Hemudu Culture (7000–5000 cal. a BP) is primarily distributed in eastern China coastal plains and marks a milestone in the origin of rice agriculture,...
The late Quaternary climatic and environmental history of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian High Arctic has been the focus of many palaeoenvironmental studies since the 1970s. However, the existing data are highly fragmentary and sometimes contradictory. New information concerning the archipelago's environmental history was derived from a 2.46‐m‐long sediment core from Lake Tvyordoe,...
A well‐preserved Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine set in the Quemuqu Valley on the eastern slope of the Qiongmu Gangri Peak offers great potential for reconstructing LGM glacier extent and examining LGM climate in the region. This study employed a coupled and physics‐based mass balance and ice‐flow model to investigate glacier sensitivities to climate in the valley. Based on the sensitivity tests...
The lower Borgarfjörður region, western Iceland, has been central to the reconstructions of the dynamics and collapse of the Icelandic Ice Sheet during the deglaciation. Here, extensive stratigraphical sections and landforms provide a rare opportunity to study past glacier dynamics in this part of Iceland. Previous studies reveal that a large outlet glacier in Borgarfjörður advanced during the Late...
Rapid degradation of freshwater ecosystems threatens water supply for human populations and natural landscapes. At diverse time scales, this process has been clearly associated with climatic and anthropogenic forcings. The question remains, however, how tropical lakes have responded to these two sources of variability. We present a multiproxy record from Lake San Lorenzo, Lagunas de Montebello National...
Knowledge of the glacial chronologies for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) helps in understanding the interactions between climate, topography and glacier development. In this sense, the investigation of the Lake Orta moraine amphitheatre (Alpine foreland, northern Italy) allowed spatial and temporal reconstruction of the Orta Glacier. The end‐moraine system was investigated by means of geomorphological...
The age and origin of the Grover Gravel, which is preserved on stable uplands in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA, and similar gravels along the Mississippi River bluffs farther south, have been controversial for over a century. These gravels have some features consistent with a glacial origin but lack obvious erratics such as igneous rock fragments. New observations, however, show that the earliest...
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